Allah, the Arabic word for God, is central to the Qur’an and Islamic belief. The Qur’an emphasizes that Allah is the sole creator, sustainer, and ultimate judge of the universe. He is characterized by 99 attributes, including mercy (ar-Rahman), compassion (ar-Rahim), and justice. Allah’s oneness (tawhid) is the foundation of Islamic theology, rejecting polytheism and idolatry. Throughout the Qur’an, Allah is depicted as intricately involved in human affairs, offering guidance, forgiveness, and justice, serving as the ultimate source of faith and moral accountability.

Gabriel, or Jibril, is the archangel who delivered God’s revelations to Prophet Muhammad. Acting as a divine intermediary, Gabriel played a vital role in the Qur’an’s transmission. His role in Muhammad’s first revelation in the cave of Hira marks the beginning of the Qur’anic message. Gabriel’s repeated visits to Muhammad underscore the sacred connection between the divine and humanity in Islam. His presence highlights the Qur’an’s emphasis on divine communication as a source of guidance, inspiration, and ultimate truth.

An ayah is a verse in the Qur’an, and its literal meaning is “sign.” Each ayah is regarded as a divine sign pointing to God’s wisdom, power, and guidance. Ayah cover a wide range of themes, including theology, morality, and law.