Artillery refers to large-caliber guns, such as cannons and mortars, that are designed for long-range warfare and are used to launch heavy projectiles. These weapons are typically used in military operations to support infantry and other forces by targeting enemy fortifications, troops, or equipment. Artillery can be mounted on wheeled carriages, towed by vehicles or animals, or placed in fixed positions. Artillery units are often positioned at a distance from the front lines, where they can provide indirect fire support to suppress or destroy enemy targets.

As the British forces occupied Boston, Boston Harbor became their lifeline, allowing them to receive supplies, reinforcements, and communication from Britain. The harbor’s waters were filled with British warships, which provided naval support to the besieged troops and helped maintain the blockade around the city, effectively cutting off the American Continental Army from seizing Boston directly. Controlling the harbor allowed the British to sustain their hold on the city despite being surrounded by the Continental Army on land.

Dorchester Heights refers to a series of hills located in South Boston, Massachusetts. In March 1776, General George Washington and the Continental Army fortified Dorchester Heights with artillery, giving them a commanding position over Boston and its harbor.