“A time being is someone who lives in time, and that means you, and me, and everyone one of us who is, or was, or ever will be. As for me, right now I am sitting in a French maid café in Akiba Electricity Town listening to a sad chanson that is playing sometime in your past, which is also my present, writing this and wondering about you, somewhere in my future. And if you’re reading this, then maybe by now you’re wondering about me, too.” 

This is a quote from the opening chapter and the beginning of Nao’s diary where she explains the concept of a “time being” to her reader. The Zen Buddhist idea of “the time being,” from which the book takes its name, is central to the plot and themes of the novel, which is very concerned with questions about time and existence.

“Deliberately now, she turned to the first page, feeling vaguely prurient, like an eavesdropper or a peeping tom. Novelists spend a lot of time poking their noses into other people’s business. Ruth was not unfamiliar with this feeling.” 

When she first begins to read Nao’s diary, Ruth feels as if she is violating the author’s privacy. The narrator compares this feeling of reading a person’s private diary to the way a novelist is constantly observing other people to create their own worlds and characters. This comparison evokes the way in which the novel is concerned with the fluidity of the roles of reader and writer.

“Zuibun nagaku ikasarete itadaite orimasu ne–‘I have been alive for a very long time, haven't I?’ Totally impossible to translate, but the nuance is something like: I have been caused to live by the deep conditions of the universe to which I am humbly and deeply grateful. P. Arai calls it the ‘gratitude tense,’ and says the beauty of this grammatical construction is that ‘there is no finger pointed to a source.’

This is one of the footnotes in the sections narrated by Nao that Ruth writes as she is reading the diary. Ruth’s annotations in Nao’s diary are one way in which the novel indicates that the character of Ruth is reading the diary along with the readers. Here, her annotation explains Jiko’s cryptic response to Nao asking her how old she is. Ruth’s explanation of the phrase Jiko uses reveals that Jiko’s words reflect the gratitude to the universe that is so central to her Buddhist faith.